Acer pentaphyllum, commonly known as Chinese Maple, is a deciduous tree native to the montane mixed forests and valleys of South Central China, particularly in Sichuan province. It is a rare and endangered species, often found in small, isolated populations. The tree typically grows to a height of 10 meters and is noted for its palmately compound leaves that are hairless, with 5 lobes, although occasionally leaves can have 4 or 7 lobes. The leaflets are 5-8 cm long and 1.5–2 cm wide, narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate in shape. The Chinese Maple is not widely known for its flowers, which are small and inconspicuous, but it is valued for its unique foliage that turns to attractive shades of yellow and red in the fall.

In cultivation, the Chinese Maple is appreciated for its rarity and ornamental leaves. It is suitable for use in botanical gardens and specialized plant collections. It requires full sun to part shade, consistent medium moisture, and well-drained soils to thrive. While it is not commonly available in the nursery trade due to its rarity, efforts are being made to propagate it for conservation purposes. Gardeners should be aware that due to its endangered status, any cultivation should be done responsibly and preferably under the guidance of conservation programs.CC BY-SA 4.0