Alnus alnobetula, commonly known as European Green Alder, is a deciduous tree native to the riparian zones, moist woodlands, and floodplains across Europe and Asia. It is particularly adapted to cold climates and high altitudes, often found in mountainous regions. This species typically grows at a moderate rate to a height of 10-20 feet (3-6 meters) and a width of 8-15 feet (2.4-4.6 meters). The European Green Alder has a multi-stemmed habit with smooth, gray bark and a rounded form. Its flowers are catkins; the male catkins are yellow and pendulous, while the female catkins are green and upright, blooming in early spring before the leaves emerge. Although the flowers are not particularly showy, they are interesting upon close inspection.

The European Green Alder is valued for its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, making it beneficial for land reclamation and improving soil fertility. It is also used for stabilizing stream banks and preventing erosion. In cultivation, it thrives in full sun to part shade and prefers moist, well-drained soils, including clay, loam, or sandy types. It requires high amounts of water, reflecting its natural preference for wet environments. While it is not commonly used in small gardens due to its size and growth habit, it can be an excellent choice for larger landscapes, particularly in wet or riparian areas. Gardeners should be aware that Alnus alnobetula can be invasive outside its native range, and it is important to consult local regulations before planting.CC BY-SA 4.0