Capsicum chinense, commonly referred to as habanero-type pepper, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to the Amazonian region of South America. It thrives in tropical and subtropical climates, often found in regions such as the Caribbean, Central America, and parts of South America, including the Amazon basin. The plant typically grows to about 2 feet in height and produces bushy foliage. The flowers are characteristically white and the fruit varies in color, including shades of red, orange, yellow, and purple when ripe. The peppers are renowned for their intense heat and are among the hottest in the world, with some varieties like Pepper X reaching extreme Scoville heat units.

Capsicum chinense is highly valued for its pungent fruit, which is widely used in culinary applications for its significant heat and flavor. It is a staple in Caribbean and Yucatán cuisine and is also popular for making hot sauces and condiments. In cultivation, it requires a warm and humid environment, consistent moisture without waterlogging, and well-draining, fertile soil with a neutral pH. Full sun exposure is ideal for optimal growth and fruit production. While it can be grown as an annual in temperate regions, it is perennial in its native tropical habitat. Gardeners should handle the fruit with care due to its capsaicin content, which can cause skin irritation.CC BY-SA 4.0