Capsicum frutescens, commonly known as Tabasco or Bird’s Eye chili, is a perennial herb in the nightshade family, native to Central and South America. It thrives in tropical and subtropical climates, often found in light woodlands and open areas. This species has been widely naturalized in other tropical regions, including India and Ethiopia, where it is extensively cultivated. The plant typically grows to a height of 1-4 feet (0.3-1.2 meters) with a bushy growth habit.

Capsicum frutescens is characterized by its small, pungent berries that are initially green and become bright red when mature. The berries grow erect and are very showy, making the plant attractive as an ornamental. It flowers throughout the year in its native range, with small white flowers that precede the fruit. In cultivation, it is valued for its hot, spicy fruits used in various cuisines, especially in hot sauces and condiments. It is also recognized for its medicinal properties, such as pain relief. The plant prefers full sun to partial shade, well-drained soils, and regular watering, but it is also drought-tolerant once established. It is commonly used in container gardening, urban planting, and as a border plant in warm climates. However, it can be susceptible to pests like aphids and spider mites, and diseases such as bacterial spot and fungal wilts.CC BY-SA 4.0