Pecan

(Carya illinoinensis)

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)

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Estimated Native Range
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Summary

Carya illinoinensis, commonly known as Pecan, is a deciduous tree native to river bottoms, floodplains, and rich, moist forests of the South Central USA and Mexico. It is a significant species in its native habitat, providing food and habitat for wildlife. Pecan trees are cultivated for their edible seeds (nuts) and are a staple in southern agriculture, particularly in Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, and Mexico, which produces nearly half of the world total. The tree grows to 20–40 m (66–131 ft) in height, occasionally reaching 44 m (144 ft), with a spread of 12–23 m (39–75 ft) and a trunk up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in diameter. A 10-year-old sapling grown in optimal conditions will stand about 5 m (16 ft) tall. The pecan is technically a drupe, not a true nut, with a husk surrounding a single stone or pit.

The Pecan tree is valued for its long-lived, stately form and its ability to produce nuts with a rich, buttery flavor, which are consumed fresh or used in various culinary dishes. It is also planted for shade and ornamental purposes in large landscapes. Pecan trees require full sun and ample water for optimal growth and nut production, thriving in a range of soil types with varying drainage. They are suitable for USDA hardiness zones 5 to 9, preferring long, hot, and humid summers. Nut harvest typically occurs around mid-October. Pecan wood is also used in furniture and flooring, and the nuts are a source of antioxidants and healthy fats. However, pecan trees can suffer from several diseases, including pecan scab, and require careful management to prevent pest infestations.CC BY-SA 4.0

Plant Description

  • Plant Type: Tree
  • Height: 75-100 feet
  • Width: 40-70 feet
  • Growth Rate: Slow
  • Flower Color: N/A
  • Flowering Season: Spring
  • Leaf Retention: Deciduous

Growth Requirements

  • Sun: Full Sun
  • Water: High
  • Drainage: Fast, Medium, Slow

Common Uses

Bee Garden, Bird Garden, Butterfly Garden, Drought Tolerant, Edible*Disclaimer: Easyscape's listed plant edibility is for informational use. Always verify the safety and proper identification of any plant before consumption., Fire Resistant, Fragrant

Natural Habitat

River bottoms, floodplains, and rich, moist forests of the South Central USA and Mexico

Other Names

Common Names: Nogal Morado , Nuez Encarcelada , Pecanier , Pekannuß , Pekannußbaum , Hickorynußbaum , Pecán , Pecana , Pecanero , Nogal Americano

Scientific Names: Carya illinoinensis , Carya pecan , Carya olivaeformis , Hicoria pecan , Carya oliviformis , Carya tetraptera , Juglans oliviformis , Carya angustifolia , Carya diguetii , Juglans pecan

GBIF Accepted Name: Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K.Koch