Cirsium vulgare, commonly known as spear thistle, is a biennial herb native to a variety of habitats including grasslands, roadsides, and open woodlands in Europe, Western Asia, and northwestern Africa. It can grow up to 6 feet tall and is characterized by its spiny, deeply lobed leaves and its pink-purple flowers that bloom from July to September. The flowers are highly attractive to pollinators, while the seeds are a food source for birds such as goldfinches. Spear thistle has a deep taproot and a rosette of leaves in its first year, followed by a flowering stem in its second year.

Spear thistle is valued for its role in supporting wildlife, particularly pollinators and birds. It is often found in disturbed areas, indicating its ability to colonize and thrive in a range of conditions. This plant prefers nitrogen-rich soils and can tolerate a range of soil types, from clay to loam, as long as they are well-drained. It requires full sun to part shade and moderate water. While it can be a striking addition to naturalistic plantings or wildlife gardens, it is considered invasive in some regions outside its native range, where it can outcompete native vegetation. Gardeners should be cautious and check local regulations before planting.CC BY-SA 4.0