Echinochloa frumentacea, commonly known as Indian barnyard millet, sawa millet, or billion dollar grass, is an annual grass native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, and Nepal. It is adapted to grow in a variety of habitats, including wetlands and areas with waterlogged soils, often where rice can also be found. This millet typically reaches heights of 1 to 5 feet (0.3 to 1.5 meters) and has a robust, tillering habit that allows it to form dense stands. The plant produces small, greenish flowers that are wind-pollinated and not particularly showy, followed by grains that are harvested as cereal.

Indian barnyard millet is valued for its ability to grow in marginal lands with poor soil fertility and its tolerance to water stress, making it a vital crop in regions where other cereals may fail. It is also used for fodder and erosion control. In cultivation, it requires minimal inputs and can be grown in full sun to partial shade, with a preference for moist, well-drained soils. However, due to its vigorous growth and seed production, it is potentially invasive outside its native range and can outcompete native vegetation. Gardeners should be cautious and check local regulations before planting.CC BY-SA 4.0