Russian Olive

(Elaeagnus angustifolia)

Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia)

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Estimated Native Range
Species Map Help

Summary

Elaeagnus angustifolia, commonly known as Russian Olive, is a deciduous tree or large shrub native to riparian zones, floodplains, and other areas with ample water in eastern Europe to central Asia, and has been widely naturalized in North America. It typically grows up to 36 feet (11 meters) in height and is recognized by its silvery, lanceolate leaves and thorny branches. The small, yellowish flowers bloom in late spring to early summer and are highly aromatic, attracting pollinators. The tree produces edible, sweet fruits that are silver-scaled and mealy, resembling small olives.

Russian Olive is valued for its drought tolerance, ability to thrive in poor soils, and its use as a windbreak or for erosion control. It is often used in restoration projects, particularly in disturbed areas. However, it requires full sun to part shade, well-drained soils, and moderate water. While it can be a beautiful ornamental plant, it is considered invasive in many regions outside its native range due to its prolific seed production and rapid growth, which can displace native vegetation. Gardeners should be cautious and check local regulations before planting.CC BY-SA 4.0

Plant Description

  • Plant Type: Shrubs, Trees
  • Height: 12-30 feet
  • Width: 12-20 feet
  • Growth Rate: Rapid
  • Flower Color: N/A
  • Flowering Season: Spring
  • Leaf Retention: Deciduous

Growth Requirements

  • Sun: Full Sun, Part Shade
  • Water: Medium
  • Drainage: Fast, Medium

Common Uses

Bird Garden, Drought Tolerant, Edible*Disclaimer: Easyscape's listed plant edibility is for informational use. Always verify the safety and proper identification of any plant before consumption., Erosion Control, Low Maintenance

Natural Habitat

Riparian zones, floodplains, and areas with ample water in western and central Asia

Other Names

Common Names: Silverberry , Russian Silverberry , Persian Olive , Oleaster

Scientific Names: Elaeagnus angustifolia , Elaeagnus angustifolia f. culta , Elaeagnus angustifolia subsp. orientalis , Elaeagnus angustifolia var. angustifolia , Elaeagnus angustifolia var. biebersteiniana , Elaeagnus angustifolia var. caspica , Elaeagnus angustifolia var. normalis , Elaeagnus angustifolia var. orientalis , Elaeagnus angustifolia var. orientalis , Elaeagnus angustifolia var. spinosa

GBIF Accepted Name: