Eruca vesicaria, commonly known as arugula, rocket, or garden rocket, is an annual herb native to the Mediterranean region, where it thrives in warm, open areas and on disturbed ground. It typically grows to a height of 8 to 39 inches (20 to 100 centimeters) and features deeply lobed pinnate leaves that form a basal rosette. The plant produces creamy white flowers with distinctive purple veins during its flowering season, which occurs in the late spring to early summer. The flowers are moderately showy and often attract pollinators. Arugula is known for its edible qualities, particularly its leaves, which have a tart, peppery flavor.

Arugula is highly valued for its nutritional content, being rich in vitamins and minerals. It is a popular choice for culinary use in salads, pizzas, and pasta dishes due to its distinctive flavor. In cultivation, arugula prefers full sun to part shade and grows best in fertile, well-drained soils with consistent moisture. It is relatively easy to maintain and can be grown in containers or garden beds. While it is not typically grown for ornamental purposes, its quick growth and ease of harvesting make it a favorite among vegetable gardeners. However, gardeners should be aware that arugula can self-seed prolifically and may become weedy if not managed properly. It is considered invasive in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and California, where it can outcompete native plants.CC BY-SA 4.0