Alfalfa

(Medicago sativa)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

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Estimated Native Range
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Summary

Medicago sativa, commonly known as alfalfa or lucerne, is a perennial herb native to warmer temperate climates, including the Mediterranean region and central Asia. It has been widely naturalized in many parts of the world and is a key forage crop due to its high nutritional content and adaptability to various climates. Alfalfa typically grows up to 1 meter (3 feet 3 inches) in height and features a deep root system that can reach depths of over 4.5 meters (15 feet), making it drought-resistant once established. It produces clusters of small, showy purple flowers that are highly attractive to pollinators, particularly bees, and these flowers bloom from spring to autumn. The plant’s deep roots help improve soil structure and increase nitrogen fertility through nitrogen fixation, a process common in legumes.

Alfalfa is valued for its high yield and nutritional quality, making it ideal for grazing, hay, silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. It is particularly beneficial in crop rotations for its soil-enriching properties. In cultivation, alfalfa requires full sun and well-drained soils with a neutral pH of 6.8–7.5. It is moderately sensitive to salinity, which should be considered when growing in arid regions. Regular fertilization with manure or chemical fertilizers is recommended, especially on soils low in fertility, and pH correction is crucial for optimal growth. While it can be harvested multiple times per year, the frequency depends on the climate, with up to 12 cuttings possible in warm regions like Arizona and southern California. However, alfalfa can be susceptible to several pests and diseases, including alfalfa weevil, aphids, and root rots. It is also potentially invasive in some regions, so it is important to check local guidelines before planting.

Alfalfa’s potential invasiveness and susceptibility to pests and diseases should be noted.CC BY-SA 4.0

Plant Description

  • Plant Type: Herb
  • Height: 0.5-3 feet
  • Width: 0.083-0.5 feet
  • Growth Rate: Rapid
  • Flower Color: Purple
  • Flowering Season: Spring
  • Leaf Retention: Deciduous

Growth Requirements

  • Sun: Full Sun
  • Water: Medium
  • Drainage: Medium

Common Uses

Bee Garden, Butterfly Garden, Drought Tolerant, Edible*Disclaimer: Easyscape's listed plant edibility is for informational use. Always verify the safety and proper identification of any plant before consumption., Fire Resistant, Groundcover, Low Maintenance, Showy Flowers

Natural Habitat

native to warmer temperate climates, including the Mediterranean region and central Asia

Other Names

Common Names: Lucerne, Burseem, Jatt, Ekin Garayoncha, Luzerne, Blaue Luzerne, Saatluzerne, Saat-Luzerne, Alfalfa Rustica, Mielga

Scientific Names: , Medicago sativa, Medica sativa, Medicago roborovskii, Medicago afganica, Medicago praesativa subsp. spontanea, Medicago sativa f. sativa, Medicago sativa subsp. vulgaris, Medicago sativa var. vulgaris, Medicago vera,

GBIF Accepted Name: Medicago sativa L.