Momordica dioica, commonly known as Spiny Gourd, is a perennial climbing vine native to the tropical regions of South Asia, where it thrives in open woodlands and on forest edges. It is a dioecious plant, meaning that male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. The plant produces small, yellow, unisexual flowers and is known for its distinctive dark green fruits covered in soft spines. The fruits typically appear after the flowering season in the summer months and are quite showy due to their unique texture. The vine can grow quite vigorously, often requiring support.

Spiny Gourd is valued for its edible fruits, which are a popular culinary ingredient in its native region. They are often prepared by cooking with spices, frying, or incorporating into meat or fish dishes. In cultivation, the plant prefers full sun to partial shade, requires regular watering, and thrives in well-drained soils. It is not commonly grown in gardens outside its native range but can be cultivated as an annual in temperate regions. Gardeners should be aware that the plant can become invasive in suitable climates outside its native habitat. It is also susceptible to common cucurbit diseases such as powdery mildew and should be monitored for pests like cucumber beetles.CC BY-SA 4.0