Nicotiana rustica, commonly known as Aztec tobacco, is an annual herb native to the rainforests and high-altitude regions of South America. It is a robust plant that can reach up to 3 feet in height and 2 feet in width. Aztec tobacco has large, broad leaves and produces yellowish-green flowers that bloom in the summer. The flowers are not particularly showy, but the plant is grown for its leaves, which contain up to nine times more nicotine than common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). It is also notable for its high levels of harmala alkaloids.

Aztec tobacco is traditionally used in South American rituals and has been cultivated for its potent leaves, which are used in making pesticides and ethnobotanical preparations. In Russia, known as makhorka, it was historically smoked by the lower classes. In cultivation, Nicotiana rustica prefers full sun to part shade, moist but well-drained soils, and can adapt to a range of climates. It is relatively easy to grow and maintain, making it suitable for gardeners interested in ethnobotanical plants. However, it is potentially invasive in some regions, and gardeners should check local regulations before planting.CC BY-SA 4.0