Sitka Spruce

(Picea sitchensis)

Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)

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Estimated Native Range
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Summary

Picea sitchensis, commonly known as Sitka Spruce, is a coniferous, evergreen tree native to the coastal rainforests of the Pacific Northwest, from Alaska to northern California, where it thrives in cool, humid climates with high rainfall. It is recognized for its impressive size, with exceptional specimens reaching up to 100 meters (330 ft) tall with a trunk diameter at breast height that can exceed 5 meters (16 ft). It is the largest species of spruce and ranks as the fifth-largest conifer globally. This species prefers well-drained, moist, acidic soils and is often found along streams and rivers or in coastal fog zones.

The Sitka Spruce is notable for its straight trunk, conical shape, and light, flexible wood, which is valuable in the timber industry. Its needles are sharp, stiff, and about 1-2 cm long. The tree’s bark is thin and scaly. It produces small, hanging cones that are 5-10 cm long. The species is valued for its fast growth and is used for reforestation projects, windbreaks, and as an ornamental tree in large spaces. It is also a critical habitat for wildlife, providing food and shelter. In cultivation, it requires ample space to grow and prefers full sun, though it can tolerate some shade. It is relatively tolerant of wind and salt spray, making it suitable for coastal planting.CC BY-SA 4.0

Plant Description

  • Plant Type: Tree
  • Height: 75-100 feet
  • Width: 20-25 feet
  • Growth Rate: Moderate
  • Flower Color: N/A
  • Flowering Season: Non-Flowering
  • Leaf Retention: Evergreen

Growth Requirements

  • Sun: Full Sun
  • Water: Medium, High
  • Drainage: Fast, Medium

Common Uses

Bird Garden, Deer Resistant, Edible*Disclaimer: Easyscape's listed plant edibility is for informational use. Always verify the safety and proper identification of any plant before consumption., Erosion Control, Low Maintenance, Rabbit Resistant, Rock Garden, Salt Tolerant, Water Garden

Natural Habitat

Coastal rainforests of the Pacific Northwest, from Alaska to northern California

Other Names

Common Names: Coast Spruce , Tideland Spruce , Yellow Spruce , Sitka-Gran , Sitkafichte , Sitka-Fichte , Épicéa De Sitka , Épinette De Sitka , Picea Di Sitka , Sitkagran , Sitkaspar

Scientific Names: Picea sitchensis , Pinus sitchensis , Abies sitchensis , Picea falcata , Pinus menziesii , Abie falcata , Abies falcata , Abies merkiana , Abies trigona , Picea menziesii var. crispa

GBIF Accepted Name: Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière