Whitebark Pine

(Pinus albicaulis)

Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis)

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Estimated Native Range
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Summary

Pinus albicaulis, commonly known as Whitebark Pine, is an evergreen tree native to high-elevation environments such as alpine and subalpine zones in the Western United States, particularly in the Sierra Nevada, Cascade Range, and Northern Rocky Mountains. It is often found at elevations between 6,500 and 12,000 feet, where it endures harsh conditions and plays a critical role in stabilizing slopes and regulating watershed. The Whitebark Pine typically grows to a height of 20-50 feet (6-15 meters) with a gnarled and twisted form due to the extreme conditions at high altitudes, but in more favorable conditions, it can reach up to 95 feet (29 meters). Its bark is smooth and pale in young trees, becoming darker and scaly with age.

The Whitebark Pine is valued for its resilience and its ecological role in high-altitude ecosystems. It provides food and habitat for wildlife, including the Clark’s Nutcracker, which is essential for seed dispersal. The tree’s ability to grow in poor soils and withstand cold temperatures makes it suitable for restoration projects and as a specimen in rock gardens and naturalized areas. It requires full sun and well-drained soils, and once established, it is relatively low maintenance. However, Whitebark Pine is susceptible to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle attacks, and climate change impacts, which are significant threats to its survival. Conservation efforts are crucial for this species, and gardeners are encouraged to plant rust-resistant cultivars to aid in its preservation.CC BY-SA 4.0

Plant Description

  • Plant Type: Tree
  • Height: 40-60 feet
  • Width: 15-25 feet
  • Growth Rate: Slow
  • Flower Color: N/A
  • Flowering Season: Non-Flowering
  • Leaf Retention: Evergreen

Growth Requirements

  • Sun: Full Sun
  • Water: Medium
  • Drainage: Fast, Medium

Common Uses

Bee Garden, Bird Garden, Deer Resistant, Drought Tolerant, Edible*Disclaimer: Easyscape's listed plant edibility is for informational use. Always verify the safety and proper identification of any plant before consumption., Fragrant, Low Maintenance, Rabbit Resistant, Rock Garden

Natural Habitat

High-elevation environments such as alpine and subalpine zones in the Western United States, particularly in the Sierra Nevada, Cascade Range, and Northern Rocky Mountains

Other Names

Common Names: Alpine Whitebark Pine, White Bark Pine, Pitch Pine, Creeping Pine, Scrub Pine, White Pine, Weißstämmige Kiefer, Pino Albicaule

Scientific Names: , Pinus albicaulis, Pinus flexilis var. albicaulis, Apinus albicaulis, Pinus flexilis subsp. albicaulis, Pinus shasta,

GBIF Accepted Name: Pinus albicaulis Engelm.