Piper retrofractum, commonly known as Balinese long pepper or Javanese long pepper, is a perennial climbing vine native to the tropical rainforests of Java, Indonesia, and other parts of Southeast Asia. It is part of the Piperaceae family, which includes other economically important species such as black pepper. The vine can reach lengths of several meters when supported. Its leaves are glabrous, lanceolate, and have a glossy appearance. The plant produces separate male and female flower spikes, with the female spikes developing into cylindrical fruiting bodies composed of numerous small, spherical berries that are densely packed together. These berries are harvested and used as a spice, known for their pungent, slightly sweet flavor.

Balinese long pepper is valued for its culinary uses, particularly in traditional Indonesian and South Asian cuisines. It is also used in herbal medicine for its supposed health benefits. In cultivation, it requires a warm, humid environment, mimicking its native tropical habitat. It thrives in partial shade to full sun, with well-draining, fertile soil, and needs a trellis or other support to climb. Regular watering is essential, but the plant should not be waterlogged. While not commonly grown in home gardens, it can be an interesting addition to a tropical or exotic plant collection.CC BY-SA 4.0