Polystichum californicum, commonly known as California sword fern, is a perennial herbaceous fern native to the understory of coastal forests, moist canyons, and shaded slopes along the Pacific Coast of North America, particularly in California and Oregon. It typically grows up to 3 feet (1 meter) in height and width, with several arching or erect fronds that create a lush, dense clump. Each lance-shaped frond is composed of numerous sharp-toothed, dark green leaflets, which contribute to the fern’s textured appearance. The California sword fern is a descendant of hybridization between other Polystichum species and is known for its ability to form hybrids itself.

This fern is valued for its lush foliage and adaptability to a variety of garden settings. It is often used in shaded garden areas, woodland plantings, and as an understory plant in forest-like landscapes. Its ability to thrive in low-light conditions and its preference for well-drained, humus-rich soil make it a suitable choice for challenging shady spots. While it can tolerate some drought once established, it prefers consistent moisture. Gardeners should be aware that although it is not prone to serious pests or diseases, it can suffer from root rot if planted in poorly drained soils.CC BY-SA 4.0