Santalum paniculatum, commonly known as Mountain Sandalwood or ’Iliahi in Hawaiian, is a slow-growing perennial tree endemic to the dry to moist forests of the Hawaiian Islands, particularly found at elevations from sea level up to 4,600 feet. This species can reach a height of 15-50 feet (4.6-15 meters) and a width of 15-30 feet (4.6-9 meters), with a rounded or spreading canopy. The leaves are leathery and the small, inconspicuous yellow or green flowers bloom in the spring and summer, followed by small, round, edible fruits that are enjoyed by birds.

Mountain Sandalwood is valued for its fragrant heartwood and essential oil, which are used in perfumes and aromatherapy. It is also appreciated for its cultural significance in Hawaii. In cultivation, it is used for reforestation projects and as an ornamental plant in larger landscapes. It requires full sun to part shade and does well in medium or fast-draining loam or clay soils, with low to medium water needs. Overharvesting and habitat loss have led to a decline in wild populations, making cultivation and conservation efforts important.CC BY-SA 4.0