Sesamum indicum, commonly known as Sesame, is an annual herb that is not native to the Indian subcontinent. It has been widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world and is cultivated for its edible seeds, which grow in pods. Sesame is known for its high oil content, one of the highest among seeds, and its rich, nutty flavor, making it a staple in global cuisines. The plant typically grows from 50 to 100 cm (1 ft 8 in to 3 ft 3 in) tall, with tubular flowers that are 3 to 5 cm (1+1⁄8 to 2 in) long. These flowers can be white, blue, or purple, and are quite attractive, though not particularly showy. The seeds come in a variety of colors, including off-white, buff, tan, gold, brown, reddish, gray, and black, with the hull and the fruit sharing the same color.

Sesame is valued in cultivation for its seeds and oil, and it is also used as a cover crop to improve soil properties due to its deep rooting system. It is drought-tolerant, making it suitable for arid regions where other crops may fail. Sesame thrives best on well-drained, fertile soils of medium texture and neutral pH. It is not tolerant of high salt or water-logged conditions. For optimal growth, sesame requires full sun and warm conditions above 23 °C (73 °F). While it can grow in poor soils, fertilization can significantly increase yields. Adequate moisture is important for germination and early growth, but once established, the plant can withstand drought. Care should be taken as sesame can be susceptible to various pests and diseases, including leaf spot, root rot, and powdery mildew.CC BY-SA 4.0