Solanum aculeastrum, commonly known as soda apple or goat apple, is a perennial shrub or small tree native to the savannas, bushlands, and open woodlands of tropical Africa, extending south to South Africa. It typically grows to a height of 3-16 feet (1-5 meters) and is characterized by its numerous sharp, hooked brown thorns that cover the branches. The shrub produces ovate leaves with lobed margins and downy undersides, which are a defense against herbivores. The flowers are white to pale violet, with a star-shaped corolla, and emit a bitter, sour smell that is not particularly attractive to humans but can attract certain pollinators. Following the flowering season, the plant bears yellow to orange berries that are poisonous to humans and many animals.

Solanum aculeastrum is appreciated for its medicinal properties in its native range, where extracts from the plant are used in traditional medicine. However, due to its thorny nature and toxic berries, it is not commonly cultivated in gardens. It requires full sun to partial shade, well-drained soil, and moderate water. In cultivation, it can be used as a security hedge due to its thorny branches. Gardeners should be cautious, as it is potentially invasive in some regions outside its native range and can outcompete local flora.CC BY-SA 4.0