Urtica dioica, commonly known as common nettle or stinging nettle, is an herbaceous perennial plant native to a variety of habitats including temperate woodlands, grasslands, and along riversides in Europe, temperate Asia, and western North Africa. It has since become widespread globally. The plant typically grows to a height of 3-7 feet tall and is characterized by its stinging hairs that inject histamine and other chemicals, causing a burning sensation upon contact. The leaves are dark green with serrated margins, and the small greenish flowers are inconspicuous, blooming from spring to fall.

Common nettle is valued for its multiple uses in traditional medicine, as a nutritious leafy green high in protein and vitamins, and for its historical use in textiles. When cooked, nettle leaves lose their sting and can be used in culinary dishes such as soups and stews. Urtica dioica thrives in rich soil with good moisture and can tolerate partial shade to full sun. It is often found as a weed in gardens and can be aggressive if not managed properly. In cultivation, it can serve as an indicator of soil fertility and is a host plant for various butterfly larvae, contributing to biodiversity. However, it is potentially invasive in some regions and can outcompete native flora. Gardeners should be cautious and check local regulations before planting.CC BY-SA 4.0